From Markkula Center for Applied Ethics Center:
Homelessness in America
Housing, at its core, is a basic human need. We all deserve access to reliable, safe spaces to comfortably shelter and simply live. Anya Daly, researcher of philosophy and ethics, posits that we can only solve homelessness when we see it as our problem Historically, homelessness rates skyrocketed in America during the Great Depression and remained a relevant issue on account of urbanization and deinstitutionalization. With a lack of adequate resources, as well as limited statistics, the housing crisis has remained a persistent issue that demands real attention. Indeed, the lack of affordable housing and increasing mental health issues, as well as ongoing economic inequality, all contribute to the severity of homelessness. One of the most apparent concerns is the glaring lack of coordination between organizations, policymakers, etc. to sufficiently address the problem at hand. These groups individually provide band aid solutions that do not yield lasting results. Furthermore, one must consider how many unhoused behaviors are criminalized, thus incarceration adds another layer to this crisis. Once an individual has entered the system, there is an increased likelihood that this person will experience homelessness for a period of time and/or return to imprisonment.
The Role of Incarceration
Leaving prison is often perceived as an opportunity for freedom and redemption, yet the intense state of vulnerability and instability an individual faces upon re-entry hinders such possibilities. Beyond the processes of repairing personal relationships, maintaining sound mental and physical health, adapting to an independent lifestyle, and for some, following the legal procedures associated with parole, formerly incarcerated individuals must find stable housing and employment to survive. A place to live is a basic human need; but the 2023 Annual Homeless Assessment Report states that over 653,000 Americans were experiencing homelessness, showing a 12 percent increase from 2022. Despite the implementation of rehousing initiatives, those who have experienced incarceration remain at high risk for experiencing homelessness. Housing discrimination remains prevalent as property owners and landlords often implement restrictive deeds that pose barriers to affordable, reliable housing. Significant data gaps and limited statistics affect the ability to provide effective support services. With limited knowledge of who is circulating through jails, hospitals, and shelters, there is less awareness on how to remedy current circumstances that promote both homelessness and recidivism. Through investigating the effectiveness of housing first models and addressing areas of policy reform, we can grow closer to finding more reliable systems for those re-entering American society after incarceration who deserve equitable access to housing and basic needs.
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